Introduction
Bandung, during the 1920s to 1940s, became a center of architectural exploration for Dutch architects. The city served as a laboratory for developing various innovative designs, many of which still stand today as heritage buildings. One of the most iconic architectural legacies from that era is Villa Isola, a magnificent structure with a rich historical value.
The History and Construction of Villa Isola
Villa Isola, now known as Isola Building, was built in 1933 at the request of a wealthy Dutch-Italian businessman, Dominique Willem Berretty. The villa was constructed on a 7.5-hectare plot in the Lembangweg area (now Jalan Setiabudi) in Bandung, with a total building area of 12,000 square meters.
The beauty and grandeur of Villa Isola reflect the architectural brilliance of its time, designed in the Streamline Modern style of Art Deco, which was considered innovative at the time. The project was led by the renowned architect Prof. Wolff Schoemaker and involved hundreds of workers, including architectural firms, contractors, foremen, and technical supervisors. Remarkably, the construction of Villa Isola was completed in a short period, making it one of the grandest buildings in Bandung.
Villa Isola’s Role During the War
Initially, during the Dutch colonial period, Villa Isola served as the private residence of Dominique Willem Berretty. However, during World War II, when Japan occupied Indonesia, the building was taken over and used as a military headquarters by the Japanese forces. It also became a storage facility for war equipment previously owned by the Dutch army.
Villa Isola’s strategic role was further highlighted on February 16, 1946, when it became the target of gunfire and bombing by Indian-British and Dutch forces in an attempt to rescue prisoners of war. The attacks caused severe damage to the building, marking a significant turning point in its history.
The Transformation into Bumi Siliwangi
In 1951, Villa Isola was nationalized by the Indonesian government, and its name was changed to Bumi Siliwangi, symbolizing the spirit of nationalism and the struggle of the Indonesian people. Since then, its function has evolved, and today, it no longer serves as a private residence or military headquarters.
Currently, the historic building has been transformed into the Rectorate Office of the Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI), one of Bandung’s most prestigious educational institutions. Situated in the northern part of Bandung, specifically at Jalan Setiabudi No. 244, the building remains one of the city’s most well-preserved architectural icons.
Villa Isola and Bandung’s Identity
Apart from its architectural heritage, Bandung is also known as the City of Flowers (Kota Kembang) due to its lush greenery and blooming flowers. Additionally, the city has earned the nickname Paris van Java, as its charm and atmosphere are reminiscent of Paris, France.
The existence of Villa Isola is not only a testament to the golden age of past architecture but also a silent witness to various historical events. It stands as an essential part of Bandung’s identity, reminding us of its long journey from the colonial era to modern times.
Today, the building continues to be a symbol of Bandung’s cultural and architectural heritage, admired by historians, architects, and visitors alike. Villa Isola remains a fascinating landmark, showcasing a blend of historical significance and artistic excellence.
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