Tasikmalaya: A Long Journey Through Time
Tasikmalaya, a significant city in East Priangan, West Java, holds a long and extraordinary history of transformation. From an agrarian region to a modern city, Tasikmalaya has managed to preserve its cultural identity. Here is the complete story of its journey and origin.
Early History: From Sukapura to Tasikmalaya
In the 17th century, the Tasikmalaya region was known as Sukapura, part of the Kingdom of Galuh and the Sunda Kingdom. The name Sukapura was changed to Tasikmalaya in the early 20th century.
The Meaning of the Name Tasikmalaya
The name Tasikmalaya comes from the Sundanese words keusik (sand) and ngalayah (scattered). This name is associated with the aftermath of the devastating eruption of Mount Galunggung in 1822, which left vast sandy expanses in the area.
Another version suggests that “Tasik” means lake and “Malaya” means mountainous region, describing the area’s geographical features, once surrounded by lakes and mountains.
The Eruption of Mount Galunggung and Geographical Transformation
Mount Galunggung, standing majestically in the Tasikmalaya region, recorded a significant eruption in 1822. This eruption:
- Claimed up to 4,000 lives.
- Turned the Sukapura area into a vast sandy plain.
- Created sand dunes in many spots, now a defining feature of Tasikmalaya’s geography.
This earned Tasikmalaya the nickname “City of a Thousand Hills,” with many areas prefixed by the word “Gunung” (mountain), such as Gunung Sabeulah, Gunung Singa, and Gunung Tandala.
The Dutch Colonial Era: Economy and Handicrafts
During the Dutch colonial era, Tasikmalaya became a center for tea, coffee, and rubber production. Additionally, handicrafts like pandan weaving, embroidery, and batik flourished and became the region’s hallmark.
However, the cultivation system (cultuurstelsel) imposed by the Dutch brought great suffering to the people. Despite this, the tradition of handicrafts endured and continues to thrive today.
Post-Independence Era: Economic and Cultural Revival
After Indonesia’s independence, Tasikmalaya emerged as a city renowned for:
- Handicrafts
- Tasikmalaya’s embroidery is known for its intricate designs and high quality.
- Other products, such as payung geulis (decorative umbrellas) and pandan weaving, are also cultural icons.
- Islamic Education Centers
- Prominent Islamic boarding schools like Pesantren Suryalaya and Cipasung play a key role in shaping a generation with strong Islamic values.
Tasikmalaya Today: A Blend of Tradition and Modernity
Today, Tasikmalaya has transformed into a modern city with continuously developing infrastructure.
Creative Industries and Economy
Local crafts, such as embroidery and payung geulis, remain economic mainstays. These products are even exported internationally, proving Tasikmalaya’s competitive edge in the global market.
Tourism and Culture
With destinations such as Mount Galunggung, Situ Gede, and Cipatujah Beach, Tasikmalaya has become a favorite tourist spot. Unique local cuisines like nasi tutug oncom also attract both domestic and international visitors.
Challenges and Future Aspirations
Tasikmalaya faces challenges such as urbanization, environmental management, and economic disparity. However, with its rich cultural and human resources, the city has immense potential to continue growing while preserving its cultural identity.
Collaboration between the government, community, and businesses is crucial to ensuring sustainable development in Tasikmalaya.
Conclusion
Tasikmalaya’s transformation through the ages reflects the resilience of its people in overcoming challenges and seizing opportunities. As a city with a rich history, culture, and economic potential, Tasikmalaya exemplifies harmony between tradition and modernity.
Tasikmalaya is more than just a city; it symbolizes the struggle, creativity, and aspirations of its people to progress without losing their cultural roots.
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